The Chemical basis of Peptide Synthesis

 

Peptides are essential in a large variety of biological processes involving all organisms.  Peptides show a diversity of biochemical activities. They can act as hormones, antibiotics, enzyme modulators, and receptors. A number of peptides have been shown to play a key role in specific disease states such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Well studied and synthetically produced peptides include insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin and endorphins.

Peptide Synthesis Companies

Genosphere Biotechnologies synthesize custom peptides for research and development laboratories since 1996.  Among peptide synthesis companies Genosphere Biotechnologies is one of the most trusted group of peptide chemists in the industry and is your ideal partner for the custom synthesis of peptides and complex organic molecules.  Genosphere Biotechnologies offers a full range of technologies.  We produce research grade peptides from simple peptides to the most complex peptidomimetics or modified peptides. The company’s peptide synthesis group will support you in the design of your peptides and peptide derivatives.

 Peptide Synthesis

A peptide is a short polymer of amino acids linked together by amide bonds (-CO-NH- bonds) called peptide bonds. The peptide is formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amine group of another amino acid in a dehydration reaction. The resulting dipeptide carries an amine group on one end called the N-terminus (often abbreviated NH2-, ‘N-’ or Nter-) and a carboxyl group on the other end called the C-terminus (often abbreviated -OH, ‘-C’ or -Cter). 

 


 Genosphere Biotechnologies can produce complex peptides by total chemical synthesis, incorporating any of the 20 standard L- amino acids or other unnatural amino acids (D-form, glycosylated, azide containing, methylated, etc). Additionally, we can engineer structural modifications, such as gamma-peptide bond branching, epsilon-peptide bond branching.  Other popular structural changes to the linear peptide chain include disulfide bridges or Nter to Cter lactam cyclizations.

 Synthetic peptides can be obtained by total chemical synthesis through solution synthesis, or by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), or by a combination of both methods.  At Genosphere Biotechnologies most syntheses of peptides are carried out on solid phase, whereas the solution approach is chosen for synthesizing di- and tripeptides, and in some Cter modified peptides.  While a combination of both approaches is often preferred with chain structure modified peptides and special cyclic peptides. In the following paragraphs we will discuss the solid- phase approach in more details.

 

 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Peptides with Fluorescent Labels

  Different fluorescent dyes can be attached to peptides in different locations to label them. For a wide variety of imaging and diagnostic applications, fluorescent tags or probes are perfect. Applications for fluorescent peptide synthesis include localization investigations, peptide-protein interactions, enzyme activity assays, in vivo biomedical imaging research, and the creation of new disease models. Fluorescence microscopy and other fluorescence visualization methods can be used to see fluorochrome-conjugated peptides. An indirect method of labeling is to use an amino acid that has been biotinylated. The acceptor and quencher components may be joined inside or outside. For longer sequences, the internal connection is advised. Studies on protein binding and localization, as well as in vivo biomedical imaging, typically make use of fluorescently tagged peptides. Fluorescence microscopy and other fluorescence visualization methods can be used to see fluorochrome-conjugated pe...
Read more

Our Custom Peptide Synthesis Services Market

  Rising research & development by biotechnology and pharmaceutical businesses are the primary factor growing the necessity for custom peptide synthesis services . The lack of time among the researcher and scientists to prepare their customized peptides may push the growth of the Custom Peptide Synthesis Services market. Also, increasing studies in academic & research organizations in the arena such as biochemistry & molecular biology is predictable to increase the demand for tailored peptides among students which will eventually upsurge the development of the custom Peptide Synthesis Services market. Also, the absence of funding from academic institutes in developing economies may help to hamper the growth of the market. Our Custom Peptide Synthesis Services Market Overview The custom peptide synthesis services market is predicted to show double growth over the forecast period owing to the rise in demand by the manufacturers for custom peptide synthesis services. B...
Read more

¿Cómo se Fabrican los Anticuerpos Para su uso?

  Es útil tener una comprensión general de cómo el sistema inmunitario producción de anticuerpos mientras se construye una producción de pruebas. Cuando el sistema inmunitario de un organismo entra en contacto por primera vez con una molécula extraña, generalmente una proteína, células especializadas como las células dendríticas y los macrófagos toman la molécula y comienzan a descomponerla para que puedan transmitir estos antígenos a los linfocitos de células B. Un proceso conocido como hipermutación somática permite que la célula B comience a codificar un nuevo anticuerpo después de que se haya producido la presentación del antígeno a los linfocitos de la célula B. Este anticuerpo tendrá un sitio de unión a antígeno distintivo en la región variable que puede unirse específicamente a un epítopo del antígeno. Cada linfocito de célula B produce un anticuerpo distinto en respuesta a un epítopo distinto. La célula B comienza a liberar anticuerpos en el torrente sanguíneo una vez qu...
Read more